{
  "name": "Physician non-compete bills to watch",
  "description": "State bills that would change physician non-compete law, with the furthest stage reached, the outcome, the last action and the date it happened.",
  "source": "https://www.joinandwise.com/contracts/noncompete/changes",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Andwise (https://www.joinandwise.com)",
  "citation": "Andwise, \"Physician non-compete bills to watch\" (2026-10-21). https://www.joinandwise.com/contracts/noncompete/changes",
  "lastVerified": "2026-10-21",
  "scope": "United States state legislatures",
  "note": "A bill that died in one session can return in the next. `carriesOver` and `aliveUntil` say whether it is still live.",
  "count": 63,
  "data": [
    {
      "code": "AZ",
      "bill": "HB 2361",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Reintroduction of HB 2589: would bar employers from requiring noncompete clauses",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2026-01-14 (Rep. Crews + Democratic cosponsors); assigned House Commerce and Rules 2026-01-20; never heard; 'Held in Committees'; died at 2026 sine die",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-01-20",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/84121?SessionId=130",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually April to June)"
    },
    {
      "code": "AZ",
      "bill": "HB 2589",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would make it unlawful for public or private employers to require noncompete clauses (new A.R.S. 23-207)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2025-01-16 (Rep. Crews + Democratic cosponsors); assigned House Commerce and Rules 2025-01-27; never heard; final disposition 'Held in Committees'",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/82423?SessionId=129",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually April to June)"
    },
    {
      "code": "FL",
      "bill": "SB 942 / HB 485",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would declare restrictive covenants in physician employment agreements void and unenforceable (amends s. 542.336). Bills are 'compare', not identical.",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "SB 942: Senate Health Policy favorable 2025-03-11 (8-2); indefinitely postponed 2025-05-03; died in Commerce and Tourism 2025-06-16. HB 485: died in House Health Professions & Programs Subcommittee 2025-06-16",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-16",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/942",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-03-02",
      "session2027End": "2027-04-30"
    },
    {
      "code": "IA",
      "bill": "SF 380",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "no",
      "summary": "Would prohibit noncompete covenants involving nurses",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced, referred to Senate Workforce 2025-02-19; subcommittee assigned 2025-02-24; no further action; died at end of 91st GA (2026)",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-02-24",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=SF380&ga=91",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (per diem ends 2027-04-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "ID",
      "bill": "H 486",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void covenants not to compete except sale/dissolution of business and executives earning >$250,000",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2025-04-03 (Rep. Achilles), read first time, referred to Judiciary, Rules & Administration for printing; reported printed; 'Filed Office Chief Clerk'; died at sine die 2025-04-04",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-04-03",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2025/legislation/H0486/",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually early April)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "HB 1642",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would raise the Freedom to Work Act earnings floor for noncompetes and nonsolicits to $300,000",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2025-01-23; assigned to Labor & Commerce 2026-03-12; Rule 19(a) re-referred to Rules 2026-03-27",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400HB1642.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "HB 2561",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would bar health professional noncompetes/nonsolicits that likely reduce availability of reproductive or maternity care",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Labor & Commerce Do Pass 19-8 (2025-03-19); 2nd reading 2025-03-26, held; floor amendment 1 recommended 18-8 (2025-04-07); Rule 19(a) re-referred to Rules 2025-04-11",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-04-11",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400HB2561.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "HB 3213",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would ban all new employee noncompetes and nonsolicits from 2026-01-01",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Labor & Commerce Do Pass 16-3 (2025-03-19); Rules approved for consideration 3-2 (2026-02-17); floor amendment 2 recommended 18-7 (2026-04-15); Rule 19(a) re-referred to Rules 2026-04-17",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-04-17",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400HB3213.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "HB 4221",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would make noncompetes and nonsolicits unenforceable for employed health care professionals (physicians, APRNs, PAs); effective 2027-01-01",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2025-12-08; first reading 2026-01-14; assigned to Labor & Commerce 2026-02-11 (hearing canceled); Rule 19(a) re-referred to Rules 2026-03-27",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400HB4221.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "HB 4565",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would bar noncompetes and nonsolicits for physicians, APRNs and PAs employed by health care facilities; ASCs removed by amendment",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Labor & Commerce Do Pass as Amended 18-9 (2026-03-19); 2nd reading 2026-04-10, held; Rule 19(a) re-referred to House Rules Committee 2026-04-17",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-04-17",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400HB4565.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "bill": "SB 3607",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void health care practitioner noncompetes except covenants of 1 year or less where practitioner was not dismissed",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Assigned to Senate Judiciary 2026-02-17; postponed 2026-03-04 and 2026-03-11; Rule 3-9(a) re-referred to Assignments 2026-03-27",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-13",
      "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/legislation/104/BillStatus/HTML/10400SB3607.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (spring session customarily ends May 31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "IN",
      "bill": "HB 1625",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit entering any noncompete agreement after 2025-06-30",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "First reading, referred to House Employment, Labor and Pensions 2025-01-21; no further action; died at 2025 sine die",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-21",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/house/1625/details",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "2027-04-29 (statutory sine die)"
    },
    {
      "code": "KS",
      "bill": "HB 2650",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would require noncompetes to be reasonable and void them on sale or change of control of the employer",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced by Rep. Steven Howe, referred to House Commerce, Labor and Economic Development 2026-02-03; Died in Committee 2026-04-10",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-04-10",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/bills/HB2650/",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no limit in odd years (usually April or May)"
    },
    {
      "code": "KS",
      "bill": "SB 504",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void physician and mid-level practitioner noncompetes, except 24-month, 15-mile restriction with buyout on voluntary exit",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced by Senate Federal and State Affairs (requested by Sen. Murphy) 2026-02-11; referred to Senate Public Health and Welfare 2026-02-12; no hearing; Died in Committee 2026-04-10",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-04-10",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2025_26/bills/SB504/",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "no limit in odd years (usually April or May)"
    },
    {
      "code": "KY",
      "bill": "SB 234",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would make non-compete clauses unenforceable (KRS Ch. 337) with notice requirements.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2025-02-18; to Senate Judiciary 2025-02-20; no further action; died at end of 2025 RS",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-02-20",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/25rs/sb234.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "2027-03-30"
    },
    {
      "code": "MA",
      "bill": "S.1336",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would make all noncompetition agreements under G.L. c.149 s.24L void and unenforceable",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Labor & Workforce Development hearing 2025-11-17; reported favorably 2025-12-22 and referred to Senate Ways and Means; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-12-22",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-01-05",
      "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S1336",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "formal sessions of the 195th General Court end 2028-07-31",
      "notes": "Physicians are already covered by G.L. c.112 §12X; this would extend a ban to all workers. Formal sessions ended 2026-07-31."
    },
    {
      "code": "MI",
      "bill": "HB 4040",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would bar employers from requiring noncompetes unless certain conditions are met",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Introduced by Rep. Denise Mentzer, referred to House Economic Competitiveness 2025-01-30; no later action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-30",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-HB-4040",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (sine die usually late December 2027)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MI",
      "bill": "HB 4514",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit certain noncompete agreements for physicians (amends MCL 445.774a)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Introduced by Rep. Jason Woolford (bipartisan cosponsors), referred to House Health Policy 2025-05-21; no later action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-05-21",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2025-HB-4514",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (sine die usually late December 2027)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MI",
      "bill": "HB 6119",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit certain noncompete agreements for physicians (amends MCL 445.774a)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Introduced by Rep. Joseph Aragona, referred to House Government Operations 2026-06-18; House Fiscal Agency summary 2026-06-24; no committee action",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-18",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2026-HB-6119",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (sine die usually late December 2027)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "HB 2184",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit enforcing noncompete clauses in physician employment contracts",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Prefiled 2025-12-04 (Rep. Ian Mackey); read second time 2026-01-08; referred to Emerging Issues 2026-05-15 (last day); died",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-05-15",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB2184&year=2026&code=R",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "HB 2821",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit noncompete clauses in physician employment contracts",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2026-01-07 (Rep. Jo Doll); read second time 2026-01-08; referred to Emerging Issues 2026-05-15; died",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-05-15",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB2821&year=2026&code=R",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "HB 2979",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Missouri Rural Doctors Act: bars nonprofit-employer physician noncompetes unless clinical, 1 year or less, 5 miles or less",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Referred to House Health and Mental Health 2026-03-03; public hearing completed 2026-03-12; no executive vote; died when session ended 2026-05-15",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-12",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB2979&year=2026&code=R",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "HB 448",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit enforcing noncompete clauses in physician employment contracts (predecessor of HB 2184)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Prefiled 2024-12-09 (Rep. Ian Mackey); read second time 2025-01-09; referred to Emerging Issues 2025-05-15; died",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-05-15",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB448&year=2025&code=R",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "HB 913",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would restrict physician noncompetes with nonprofit employers (predecessor of HB 2979)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2025-01-15 (Rep. Bill Hardwick); referred to Emerging Issues 2025-05-15; died",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-05-15",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB913&year=2025&code=R",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "bill": "SB 383",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Physician noncompetes enforceable only if clinical, non-nonprofit employer, 365 days or less and 50 miles or less",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Prefiled 2024-12-01 (Sen. Travis Fitzwater); second read, referred to Senate Emerging Issues and Professional Registration 2025-02-17; no hearing; died",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-02-17",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.senate.mo.gov/BillTracking/Bills/BillInformation?year=2025&billid=226",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-14 (last day to pass bills; adjournment 2027-05-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MS",
      "bill": "HB 500",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Refiled HB 806: would void practice restrictions in contracts with Mississippi-licensed health care providers.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Referred to House Judiciary A 2026-01-12; died in committee 2026-02-03",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-02-03",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2026/pdf/history/HB/HB0500.xml",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "about 2027-04-04 (90 calendar days)"
    },
    {
      "code": "MS",
      "bill": "HB 806",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void post-employment geographic/time practice restrictions in contracts with any Mississippi-licensed health care provider.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Referred to House Judiciary A 2025-01-16; died in committee 2025-02-04",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-02-04",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB0806.xml",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "about 2027-04-04 (90 calendar days)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NC",
      "bill": "H 973",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "unclear",
      "summary": "Uniform Restrictive Employment Agreement Act (new G.S. Chapter 1H): general limits on noncompetes and other restrictive employment agreements.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2025-04-10; referred to House Rules, Calendar, and Operations 2025-04-14; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-04-14",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-18",
      "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/H973",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (long session usually runs into summer)",
      "notes": "Status verified on ncleg.gov; substantive content (how it treats physicians/high earners) not read; summary inferred from short title and Chapter 1H citation."
    },
    {
      "code": "NC",
      "bill": "S 673",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Protect Physicians Voices/Freedom of Movement: same hospital-employed physician/PA/APRN/RN noncompete ban and NDA limits as S 978.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2025-03-25; referred to Senate Rules and Operations 2025-03-26; no further action. Not eligible for the limited reconvened sessions under Res. 2026-6.",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-03-26",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-18",
      "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S673",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (long session usually runs into summer)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NC",
      "bill": "S 978",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Healthcare Competition Reforms: bans noncompetes for hospital-employed physicians, PAs, APRNs, RNs; NDA limits; caps nonprofit hospital CEO pay.",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2026-04-30; Senate Health Care reported favorable committee substitute 2026-06-11; Judiciary reported favorable 2026-06-16; re-referred to Appropriations/Base Budget 2026-06-16 (pending). Not eligible for the limited reconvened sessions under Res. 2026-6.",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-16",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-18",
      "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S978",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-13",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (long session usually runs into summer)",
      "notes": "Reconvened sessions through 2026-12-18 are limited by Res. 2026-6 to vetoes, appointments, election and similar matters."
    },
    {
      "code": "NH",
      "bill": "HB 386-FN",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "no",
      "summary": "Would bar nursing (staffing) agencies from non-compete clauses in contracts with health care entities",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Majority ITL report 2025-02-18 (11-9); laid on table 2025-03-20; died on table, session ended 2025-12-17",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-12-17",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=211&sy=2025&txtsessionyear=2025&txtbillnumber=HB386",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2026-12-02",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (late June 2027 under joint-rule deadlines)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "bill": "A1647",
      "session": "2026–2027",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Voids physician geographic restrictive covenants, with exceptions (30+ physician system-to-system moves, FQHC 5-mile/4-year, unique incentives)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Introduced, referred to Assembly Health Committee 2026-01-13; no Senate companion listed",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-01-13",
      "carriesOver": true,
      "aliveUntil": "2028-01-11",
      "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/A1647",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2028-01-11 (end of the 2026-2027 session)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "bill": "A1829 / S1407",
      "session": "2026–2027",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Bans new noncompetes for all workers and voids existing ones for non-senior-executives ($151,164 senior-executive exception)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Both introduced 2026-01-13 and referred to Assembly Labor / Senate Labor; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-01-13",
      "carriesOver": true,
      "aliveUntil": "2028-01-11",
      "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S1407",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2028-01-11 (end of the 2026-2027 session)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "bill": "A1819 / S4068",
      "session": "2024–2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Predecessor of A1647: restricts restrictive employment covenants for physicians (synopsis says physicians and nurses)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "A1819 referred to Assembly Health 2024-01-09; S4068 referred to Senate Health 2025-01-30; no committee action; expired when session ended 2026-01-13",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-30",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/A1819",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2028-01-11 (end of the 2026-2027 session)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "bill": "A5708 / S4385",
      "session": "2024–2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Ban on noncompetes except senior executives and sale of business; retroactive for most workers",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "A5708 reported by Assembly Labor and referred to Assembly Regulated Professions 2025-12-04; S4385 in Senate Labor; expired 2026-01-13",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-12-04",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/A5708",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2028-01-11 (end of the 2026-2027 session)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "bill": "S4386",
      "session": "2024–2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Prohibits non-compete clauses and no-poach agreements",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced and referred to Senate Labor 2025-05-19; expired 2026-01-13",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-05-19",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/S4386",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2028-01-11 (end of the 2026-2027 session)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NV",
      "bill": "SB 378",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Omnibus health bill; section 30 would bar noncompetes for patient-facing providers of health care (amends NRS 613.195)",
      "furthestStage": "vetoed",
      "outcome": "vetoed",
      "lastAction": "Passed Senate 2025-05-27 (12-8-1); passed Assembly 2025-06-02 (27-15); vetoed by Gov. Lombardo 2025-06-11 (veto message cites free-standing ER billing, not noncompetes); veto returned to the 84th (2027) Session",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-11",
      "carriesOver": true,
      "aliveUntil": "2027-05-31",
      "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12674/Overview",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-02-01",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-31",
      "notes": "carriesOver is true only because Nev. Const. art. 4 § 35 lays a veto issued after adjournment before the next session (2027-02-01 to 2027-05-31) for a possible override. An override needs 2/3 of members elected: 14 of 21 senators and 28 of 42 Assembly members. The 2025 votes were 12 and 27. The veto message objected to a free-standing emergency department billing provision, not to the non-compete section. Nevada's history of such overrides was not checked."
    },
    {
      "code": "NV",
      "bill": "SB 495",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Governor Lombardo's health care package; section 71 would bar noncompetes for patient-facing providers of health care",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2025-05-15 by Senate HHS on behalf of the Office of the Governor; passed Senate as amended (Amend. 942) 2025-06-02 (13-8); no Assembly action before sine die; 'No further action taken' 2025-06-03",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-03",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12939/Overview",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-02-01",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-31"
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "bill": "A1361",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Allows restrictive covenants only under conditions (advance written terms, trade-secret/2-year customer limits; unenforceable if fired without cause)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Referred to Assembly Labor 2025-01-09; re-referred 2026-01-07",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-01-07",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A01361&term=2025&Summary=Y&Actions=Y",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually early to mid-June)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "bill": "S4641A",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Bans most noncompetes (exempts $500k+ earners) but covers all health-related professionals incl. physicians regardless of pay",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Passed Senate 2025-06-09 (40-22); delivered to Assembly, referred to Assembly Labor; no Assembly companion number found",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-09",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S4641/amendment/A",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually early to mid-June)",
      "notes": "Legislature adjourned in June 2026; passage before 2026-12-31 would need an extraordinary session."
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "bill": "S9228 / A10981A",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Bars hospital employers from noncompetes and practice-related repayment penalties for licensed health professionals incl. physicians",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "S9228 (Harckham; cosponsors Griffo R, Rivera) referred to Senate Labor 2026-02-18; A10981 amended and recommitted to Assembly Labor 2026-04-29",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-04-29",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S9228",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually early to mid-June)"
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "bill": "S9759 / A10023",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Re-introduction of S4641: general ban with $500k exemption that does not apply to health-related professionals incl. physicians",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "S9759 passed Senate 2026-06-03 (40-21) and referred to Assembly Labor; A10023 (Bronson) in Assembly Labor since 2026-01-28",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-03",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S9759",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually early to mid-June)",
      "notes": "Legislature adjourned in June 2026; passage before 2026-12-31 would need an extraordinary session."
    },
    {
      "code": "OH",
      "bill": "SB 11",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit agreements restraining a lawful profession or business after employment ends",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Referred to Senate Judiciary 2025-01-29; hearings 2025-02-12, 2025-02-26, 2025-03-05 (3rd hearing); no committee vote",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-03-05",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/sb11",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-04",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (137th GA runs to 2028-12-31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "OH",
      "bill": "SB 301",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would bar nonprofit hospitals from post-employment noncompetes for physicians, PAs, APRNs beyond 6 months / 15 miles",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Senate General Government: hearings 2025-11-04, 2025-11-18, 2026-04-14, 2026-06-09 (4th hearing); no committee vote",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-09",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-12-31",
      "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/sb301",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-04",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (137th GA runs to 2028-12-31)"
    },
    {
      "code": "OR",
      "bill": "HB 3227",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void noncompete, nondisclosure, nondisparagement and nonsolicitation agreements between certain business entities and medical professionals",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Referred to House Behavioral Health and Health Care 2025-01-17; public hearing 2025-03-27; in committee upon adjournment 2025-06-27 (policy enacted instead via SB 951)",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/HB3227",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "160 calendar days (about late June 2027)"
    },
    {
      "code": "OR",
      "bill": "SB 468",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void noncompetition agreements with employees who are health professionals",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Referred to Senate Judiciary 2025-01-17; public hearing 2025-02-12; in committee upon adjournment 2025-06-27",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/SB468",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "160 calendar days (about late June 2027)"
    },
    {
      "code": "OR",
      "bill": "SB 957",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void noncompetes between any licensed health care provider and another person, with exceptions",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Passed Senate 2025-04-01 (22-4); House referred to Rules 2025-05-27; in committee upon adjournment 2025-06-27",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/SB957",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-11",
      "session2027End": "160 calendar days (about late June 2027)",
      "notes": "Physicians are already covered by SB 951 (2025); this would have reached all licensed providers."
    },
    {
      "code": "PA",
      "bill": "HB 1166",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "unclear",
      "summary": "Health care worker platform regulation; platforms may not require health care workers to sign noncompetes",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Referred to House Labor and Industry 2025-04-07; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-04-07",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-11-30",
      "url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb1166",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (continuing body to 2028-11-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "PA",
      "bill": "SB 680",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "no",
      "summary": "Amends Act 74 (Fair Contracting for Health Care Practitioners Act) definitions to add therapists",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "pending",
      "lastAction": "Referred to Senate Health and Human Services 2025-05-13; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-05-13",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-11-30",
      "url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb680",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (continuing body to 2028-11-30)"
    },
    {
      "code": "RI",
      "bill": "S 0302 Sub A",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Rhode Island Noncompetition Agreement Act: ban on noncompetes except sale of business (LaMountain)",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Sub A passed Senate 2025-06-18 (37-0); no House passage; died when 2025 session ended",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-06-18",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText25/SenateText25/S0302.htm",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually late June)",
      "notes": "Physicians are already covered by R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-37-33. Senate vote verified on the official RI vote report (votereport id 17052). House-side status, any House companion and the content of the Sub A amendments were not checked."
    },
    {
      "code": "RI",
      "bill": "S 2868",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "no",
      "summary": "Physician assistant bill voiding PA practice restrictions after a relationship ends (sale-of-practice exception up to 5 years)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced 2026-03-04, referred to Senate Health & Human Services",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-04",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText26/SenateText26/S2868.htm",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-05",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually late June)",
      "notes": "Introduction and referral from official bill text; later committee action (e.g., held for further study) not checked"
    },
    {
      "code": "SC",
      "bill": "H.3273",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Voids noncompetes used by SC nonprofit corporations with >$1 billion annual revenue (in practice large nonprofit health systems); no occupation limit.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Prefiled 2024-12-05; introduced and referred to House Labor, Commerce and Industry 2025-01-14; no further action",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-14",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-11-08",
      "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess126_2025-2026/bills/3273.htm",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-13"
    },
    {
      "code": "SC",
      "bill": "H.4767",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Physician Noncompete Contract Prohibition: voids physician noncompetes; employers may recover documented relocation/training/bonus costs.",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Passed House: 2nd reading 2026-03-25 (65-50), 3rd reading 2026-03-26 (58-53); Senate referred to Labor, Commerce and Industry 2026-03-26; LCI reported favorable 2026-05-05; no Senate floor vote before the 2026-05-14 sine die deadline",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-05-05",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-11-08",
      "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess126_2025-2026/bills/4767.htm",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-13",
      "notes": "Bill history verified on scstatehouse.gov. The regular session ended 2026-05-14; later business is limited by the 2026 sine die resolution (S.883) to budget, vetoes, conference reports and similar items, so the bill has no practical path. aliveUntil is the latest date in that resolution, whose final adopted text was not verified. The bill cannot carry into the 127th General Assembly, which convenes 2027-01-12."
    },
    {
      "code": "SC",
      "bill": "S.46",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Healthcare contracts: voids physician noncompetes and terms interfering with physician-patient relationship; practice-sale exception up to 5 years.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "stalled",
      "lastAction": "Prefiled 2024-12-11; introduced and referred to Senate Labor, Commerce and Industry 2025-01-14; no further action (stage reached: introduced)",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-01-14",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": "2026-11-08",
      "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess126_2025-2026/bills/46.htm",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-13"
    },
    {
      "code": "TN",
      "bill": "SB 852 / HB 1206",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "physician",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would lengthen from 10 to 30 business days a fair-market-value timing term required in physician noncompete agreements under existing law.",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "SB 852 assigned to General Subcommittee of Senate Health and Welfare 2025-03-26; HB 1206 assigned to House Health Subcommittee 2025-03-19; no further action; died when 114th GA adjourned in 2026",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-03-26",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0852&GA=114",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually April or May)",
      "notes": "A minor amendment to Tenn. Code § 63-1-148, not a ban."
    },
    {
      "code": "TX",
      "bill": "HB 4067",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit covenants not to compete against workers (general ban)",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Filed 2025-03-07; referred to House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development (s/c on Workforce) 2025-03-27; no hearing; died at sine die 2025-06-02",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-03-27",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB4067",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-12",
      "session2027End": "2027-05-31"
    },
    {
      "code": "UT",
      "bill": "HB 203",
      "session": "2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "partly",
      "summary": "Would bar enforcing noncompetes against employees under certain conditions and against independent contractors; requires disclosure with job offers",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "House committee favorable recommendation on 1st substitute 2026-01-30 (10-3-3); on 3rd reading calendar 2026-02-10, returned to Rules; enacting clause struck and filed 2026-03-06",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-06",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0203.html",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-19",
      "session2027End": "2027-03-05"
    },
    {
      "code": "UT",
      "bill": "HB 517",
      "session": "2025",
      "scope": "health-care-narrow",
      "reachesPhysicians": "unclear",
      "summary": "Would void post-employment restrictive covenants between employers and mental health providers under certain conditions",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Numbered/introduced Feb 2025 (Rep. Chevrier); held in House Rules (fiscal note 2025-02-19); enacting clause struck and filed 2025-03-07 at sine die",
      "lastActionDate": "2025-03-07",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0517.html",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-19",
      "session2027End": "2027-03-05",
      "notes": "Scope tag assumes the bill's 'mental health provider' definition excludes physicians; the definition text was not read."
    },
    {
      "code": "VT",
      "bill": "H.583",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Corporate-practice/private-equity bill whose House version voided noncompetes for health care licensees",
      "furthestStage": "passed-one-chamber",
      "outcome": "superseded",
      "lastAction": "Passed House 2026-03-20 with noncompete sections; Senate amendment removed them; enacted 2026-06-15 as Act 133 without noncompete provisions",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-15",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.583",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually May)",
      "notes": "Senate removed the noncompete sections; the policy was enacted in S.313 (Act 177)."
    },
    {
      "code": "VT",
      "bill": "S.230",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Fair employment practices bill; House added new 21 V.S.A. 495q voiding health care provider noncompetes",
      "furthestStage": "vetoed",
      "outcome": "superseded",
      "lastAction": "Passed Senate 2026-03-12 (without health-care section); House added it, passed 2026-04-30; final concurrence 2026-05-21; vetoed 2026-06-18; no override",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-06-18",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/S.230",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually May)",
      "notes": "The same 21 V.S.A. § 495q text was enacted the same day in S.313 (Act 177, Sec. 8e), so the policy is law."
    },
    {
      "code": "VT",
      "bill": "H.205",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would prohibit employee and franchisee noncompete agreements",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Reported favorably by House Commerce 2026-02-24, third reading ordered, repeatedly postponed; recommitted to committee 2026-03-13",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-13",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.205",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-06",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (usually May)",
      "notes": "Physicians are now covered by 21 V.S.A. § 495q (Act 177 of 2026)."
    },
    {
      "code": "WI",
      "bill": "AB 567",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "general",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would make most post-employment noncompetes void and unenforceable",
      "furthestStage": "introduced",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "Introduced (Rep. Bare et al., Democrats) and referred to Assembly Workforce Development 2025-10-24; failed to pass under SJR 1 on 2026-03-23",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-23",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2025/proposals/ab567",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-04",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (two-year session; floor periods set by joint resolution)"
    },
    {
      "code": "WI",
      "bill": "AB 675 / SB 657",
      "session": "2025–2026",
      "scope": "health-care",
      "reachesPhysicians": "yes",
      "summary": "Would void medical-practitioner noncompetes over 24 months or after employer-initiated termination",
      "furthestStage": "committee",
      "outcome": "died",
      "lastAction": "AB 675 hearing 2026-01-07; SB 657 hearing 2026-01-29 and reported by Senate Health 4-1 on 2026-02-10, never scheduled; both failed to pass under SJR 1 on 2026-03-23",
      "lastActionDate": "2026-03-23",
      "carriesOver": false,
      "aliveUntil": null,
      "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2025/proposals/ab675",
      "confidence": "high",
      "session2027Start": "2027-01-04",
      "session2027End": "no fixed date (two-year session; floor periods set by joint resolution)"
    }
  ]
}